书香剑气 , 求知求是

自由的哲学

#个人 , #哲学 , #强制 , #政府 , #生命 , #自由 , #财产

Ken Schoolland 在1988年出版的《The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible》一书的中,用精炼的语言描述了“自由的哲学”。

2002年左右,Kerry Pearson(又称 Lux Lucre,04年去世)将其制作成动画,背景配的是 Music2Hues 的音乐。
之后 Steve Cobb 等人接手,在许多人的协助下制作了支持多国语言的新版本动画。
中文版是在09年翻译的,但我没有找到翻译者是谁。

以下是修饰过的中文版文字和英文版内容:

自由的哲学

自由的哲学是基于自我拥有的原则。

自我拥有的原则是你拥有你的生命。
否认这一点就意味着另一个人对你的生命比你有更高的支配权。
别人不拥有你的生命,你也不拥有别人的生命。

你存在于时间中。
这体现在:
未来——生命,
现在——自由,
过去——及生命和自由的产物之中。

失去生命就是失去未来,
失去自由就是失去现在,
失去生命和自由的产物就是失去产生这些产物的那一部分过去。

生命和自由的一个产物就是你的财产。
你的财产是你的劳动的果实。
你的财产是你的时间精力和智慧的产物。
你的财产是自然界中被你转化为有价值的用处的那部分。
你的财产也是其他人通过自愿的交换和双方的同意给予你的财产。
两个自愿交换财产的人都获益,否则他们不会交换。
只有他们能够为了他们自己正确地作出交换的决定。

有时候,一些人用强制力或者欺诈从其他人那里非经自愿同意地夺取。
用强制力或者欺诈夺取生命是谋杀,
夺取自由是奴役,
夺取财产是盗窃。

这些行为不论是一个人独自做的,
还是许多人对少数人做的,
甚至是有冠冕堂皇借口的官员做的,都一样。

你有权保护你自己的生命、自由和正当获得的财产免受别人的强力侵犯。
于是,你可以正当地要求别人帮助你保护自己。
但是,你没有权利运用强制力剥夺别人的生命、自由或者财产。
因此,你没有权利指派某人代表你对他人行使强制力。

你有权为自己寻找领导人。
但是你没有权利强加统治者于他人。
不论官员们是如何被选择的,他们都只是人,
而且他们没有比别人更大的权利或资格。
不论他们的行为的虚构的标签是什么,
也不论支持他们的人有多少,
官员们都没有权利杀人、奴役或者盗窃。
你不能赋予他们任何你没有的权利。

由于你拥有你的生命,
所以你对你的生命负有责任。
你的生命并非从要求你服从的人那里借来。
你也不是要求你牺牲的人的奴隶。
你根据你自己的价值观选择你自己的目标。
成功和失败都是学习和成长的必要动力。
你代表别人的举动,或者别人代表你的举动,只有在出于自愿的双方同意的时候才是美德。
因为美德只有在有自由选择时才能存在。

这就是真正自由的社会的基础。
它不仅仅是人类行动的最可行的和最符合人性的基础,
它也是最符合伦理的。
有一个办法可以解决政府强制介入引起的问题。
这个办法就是全世界人民不再要求政府官员代表他们行使强制力。
邪恶不仅来自邪恶的人,也来自那些为了他们的目的而容忍行使强制力的好人
正是以这种方式,好人一贯地纵容了邪恶

对自由社会的信心,体现在关注市场中发现价值的过程,
而不是关注某种强加的观点或者目标。
借助政府强制力强加某种观点于他人是思想的懒惰,
而且一般都导致非预想的、邪恶的结果。
建设自由社会要求人们具备勇气去思考、谈论和行动,
特别是在无所作为更加容易的时候。

The Philosophy of Liberty

My philosophy is based on the principle of self-ownership. You own your life. To deny this is to imply that another person has a higher claim on your life than you do. No other person, or group of persons, owns your life nor do you own the lives of others. You exist in time: future, present, and past. This is manifest in life, liberty, and the product of your life and liberty. The exercise of choices over life and liberty is your prosperity. To lose your life is to lose your future. To lose your liberty is to lose your present. And to lose the product of your life and liberty is to lose the portion of your past that produced it.

A product of your life and liberty is your property. Property is the fruit of your labour, the product of your time, energy, and talents. It is that part of nature that you turn to valuable use. And it is the property of others that is given to you by voluntary exchange and mutual consent. Two people who exchange property voluntarily are both better off or they wouldn’t do it. Only they may rightfully make that decision for themselves.

At times some people use force or fraud to take from others without wilful, voluntary consent. Normally, the initiation of force to take life is murder, to take liberty is slavery, and to take property is theft. It is the same whether these actions are done by one person acting alone, by the many acting against a few, or even by officials with fine hats and fancy titles.

You have the right to protect your own life, liberty, and justly acquired property from the forceful aggression of others. So you may rightfully ask others to help protect you. But you do not have a right to initiate force against the life, liberty, or property of others. Thus, you have no right to designate some person to initiate force against others on your behalf.

You have a right to seek leaders for yourself, but would have no right to impose rulers on others. No matter how officials are selected, they are only human beings and they have no rights or claims that are higher than those of any other human beings. Regardless of the imaginative labels for their behaviour or the numbers of people encouraging them, officials have no right to murder, to enslave, or to steal. You cannot give them any rights that you do not have yourself.

Since you own your life, you are responsible for your life. You do not rent your life from others who demand your obedience. Nor are you a slave to others who demand your sacrifice.

You choose your own goals based on your own values. Success and failure are both the necessary incentives to learn and to grow.

Your action on behalf of others, or their action on behalf of you, is only virtuous when it is derived from voluntary, mutual consent. For virtue can only exist when there is free choice.

This is the basis of a truly free society. It is not only the most practical and humanitarian foundation for human action; it is also the most ethical.

Problems that arise from the initiation of force by government have a solution. The solution is for people of the world to stop asking officials to initiate force on their behalf. Evil does not arise only from evil people, but also from good people who tolerate the initiation of force as a means to their own ends. In this manner, good people have empowered evil throughout history.

Having confidence in a free society is to focus on the process of discovery in the marketplace of values rather than to focus on some imposed vision or goal. Using governmental force to impose a vision on others is intellectual sloth and typically results in unintended, perverse consequences. Achieving a free society requires courage to think, to talk, and to act - especially when it is easier to do nothing.

所有语言版本动画的观看和下载页面在这里